<p>The Lewiston Historic District, is a historic district in Lewiston, California. It is 15 acre which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The district is roughly bounded by Deadwood, Turnpike, and Schoolhouse Roads.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The town of Lewiston was founded in 2023 as a mining and ranching town. It was is named after B. F. Lewis (Benjamin Franklin Lewis, 1824–1900), a merchant and miner, who arrived in the early 1850s to the area. The Lewiston post office was opened in 1854, followed by a general store, blacksmith, hotel, butcher shop, and some sort of river crossing (either a ferry or a toll bridge). By 1900, the town had a cemetery. The land was subject to periodic flooding, particularly in winter; until 1957, when they added the Trinity Dam.</p><br>
<p>The listing included 16 contributing buildings and a contributing structure. It includes Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>The James M. Jameson Farm is a farmstead located at 10220 North Parma Road near Springport, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James M. Jameson moved from New York State to Springport in 1835. Soon thereafter, he settled on the land on which this house stands and constructed a log house. He began farming, and teaching school in the winter. In 1841, he married Loretta Townley, and began concentrating more on farming. Over the next decade, Jameson built one of the two largest farms in the area, and became a leading local citizen, being elected township supervisor several times. In 1850, Jameson constructed a new brick house. It was the first brick residence built in the township, and the unusually elaborate (for Michigan) house is one of the finest Greek Revival houses in south-central Michigan. Jameson left the Springport area in 1876, and died in Jackson, Michigan, in 1886.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Jameson Farm includes the 1850 farmhouse along with an old barnyard area containing a barn-corncrib structure, sheep pen, implement shed, and the remains of an orchard. The 1850 farmhouse is an unusually large, elaborate, brick Greek Revival structure built in an L shape. It sits on a fieldstone foundation. The house consists of a two-story main section with a hip roof and a 1-1/2-story, flank-gable, side wing. A large ell extends to the rear. The house has wide cornices with returns and a frieze band below. A porch with Doric columns fronts the wing; a second small porch was formerly located in front of the entry door. The windows are double-hung, six-pane sash units, with iron lintels and sills on the front facade and sandstone lintels and sills on the other facades.</p><br>
<p>The Moye Boarding House is a historic building in Portland, Tennessee. It was built in 1878–1892 for A.C. Butt or Kate Moye on land formerly owned by Thomas Buntin. It was a boarding house on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad from 1890 to 1945. It was acquired by the city of Portland in 2011, and it received $15,000 from the Tennessee Historical Commission and the Historic Preservation Fund to be restored in 2016. The building was designed in the Folk Victorian architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 27, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Crain Hill School and Church, in Crain Hill, Tennessee, is a building dating from around 1870. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-room weatherboarded gable roofed vernacular building, upon a wooden pier foundation which is covered with pressed metal. Simple decoration includes gable returns and molding around the main entry.</p><br>
<p>It was built to serve as both a school and place of worship for inhabitants of the Rocky River Valley. Its last use as a schoolhouse was in 1927 when a new larger school was built further up the Rocky River Road. It continued to serve as a church until the mid-1900s.</p><br>
<p>It was a one-room schoolhouse.</p><br>
<p>The Minong Traditional Cultural Property is a Traditional Cultural Property , which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.</p><br>
<h2>History and significance</h2><br>
<p>Archeological evidence suggests that the Ojibwe have used Minong for fishing and copper mining far back in prehistoric times, but it is unclear whether this evidence is from people from the Grand Portage Band or another closely related tribe. The first known written document that confirms Ojibwe on Minong dates from. Travel to and from Minong from the mainland was common during this time period. As Europeans moved into the area, the Ojibwe became involved with commercial trapping and fishing, and commercial and subsistence fishing on Isle Royale continued for many decades into the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>During the twentieth century, members of the Grand Portage Band continued to use Minong for subsistence hunting, fishing, trapping, and maple sugaring, as well as commercial ventures in these areas. Some members were also involved in resort and recreation on the island. This continues to the present day, as the Band opened the Grand Portage Marina in 1971, providing a place for boats to leave from Grand Portage to Isle Royale National Park for fishing and diving expeditions.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing elements</h2><br>
<p>The contributing elements to the Minong Traditional Cultural Property are natural places, including harbors and coves, rather than specific buildings or docks. These elements include the Grand Portage Band&#39;s traditional use areas on the island, as well as locations of specific historical significance. Natural elements include McCargoe Cove, Todd Harbor, Siskiwit Bay, Checker Point, Indian Point, Grace Point and Island, Sugar Mountain, Greenstone Beach, Chippewa Harbor, Carnelian Beach, Rock Harbor, Pickerel Cove, Fishermans Home, and Washington Harbor. These represent places that the Grand Portage Ojibwe used as miners, fishermen, tour guides, or other uses. The TCP also includes one off-site contributing feature: the Little Cedar Spirit Tree, or Manito Geezhigaynce, which is located on the north side of Hat Point on the Grand Portage Indian Reservation.</p><br>
<p>Tripp County Veteran&#39;s Memorial, at 200 E. Third St. in Winner, South Dakota, was erected in 1924. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>It is a bronze sculpture by artist John Paulding, about 90x30x70 in in dimension, on a base which is about 70x34x34 in in dimension. It is located on the south side of the Tripp County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The bronze represents a World War I doughboy carrying a rifle and with a raised arm, as if leading in a charge.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Paynton House in Boise, Idaho, is a -story, Colonial Revival or Shingled Colonial house designed by Tourtellotte & Co. and constructed in 1900. The house features a lateral ridge beam with side facing gables with a smaller, front facing gabled dormer window above an L-shaped porch. Contractor William Houtz built the modest 6-room cottage, and in 1901 it was considered a model of good cottages.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Charles Paynton</h2><br>
<p>Charles Paynton was a Boise pioneer who arrived in Idaho Territory in 1876. He apprenticed at The Idaho Statesman in that year and continued for eight years as a printer and an editor at the newspaper. He also served as secretary of the Boise volunteer firefighters association. Paynton later worked for the USA Surveyor General&#39;s office as an accountant and a clerk. He retired from the office in 1928 and moved to Seattle.</p><br>
<h3>St. Luke&#39;s Boise Medical Center</h3><br>
<p>The Charles Paynton House, built in 1900, is not the only Paynton residence of historic interest. In 1891 Paynton built a larger, Queen Anne style house designed by E.M. Leach and constructed at the corner of First and Bannock Streets. In 1897 Paynton rented the house to F.J. Mills, and in 1902 the house was purchased by Bishop Funsten and converted into St. Lukes 6-bed hospital. The house later was demolished as St. Lukes Boise Medical Center evolved into its current state.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Morrison House, at 624 Main St. in Pukwana, South Dakota, was built in 1928. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed to be a " a good example of the side gabled roof subtype of the Bungalow/Craftsman style of architecture in South Dakota."</p><br>
<p>It was built by Edward Morrison.</p><br>
<p>A second contributing building on the property is a garage with an attached cob house shed.</p><br>
<p>The Old Michigan Avenue School, also known as the Grass Lake Public School or the Schoolhouse Square Apartments, is a former school building located at 661 East Michigan Avenue in Grass Lake, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Grass Lake was founded In 1842, a by-product of the railroad line constructed through the area. In 1863, a school building was constructed for the village, located just south of this building. This was the only area school until the 1920s, when it was determined that more space was needed. The Detroit architectural firm of Lane, Davenport and Peterson was hired to design a new classroom building. Construction began in 1927, and was completed in 1929.</p><br>
<p>The new building served the lower grades, while the 1863 building continued to serve as a high school. A new high school was constructed in the 1950s, and the older structure was demolished in 1960. The 1927 building was used as a school into the 1980s, when it was converted into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Old Michigan Avenue School is a two-story, flat-roofed, steel-frame masonry structure designed in a "Modern Eclectic" Classical Revival style. The main entrance is at the corner of the building, with wings extending in both directions to make an L-shaped footprint. The exterior of the building is clad with orange brick, sitting on a concrete basement. Projecting piers and pylons surround the main entrance. The facade is separated into bays by pilasters. Each bay contains multi-paned, double-hung windows on each level, framed by two vertical multi-paned sidelights A multi-paned tripartite transom unit surmounts the second floor window, and a paneled spandrel separates the first and second floor units. A concrete lintel and brick attic runs across the top of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Wilcox House, also known as the Wilcox-Holton House, is a single-family home located at 231 East High Street in Jackson, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Andrew Wilcox and his brother Homer were partners in A. and H. Wilcox Company, a lumbering, planing mill, and building materials-sales business. The brothers operated a lumbering operation near Cadillac, and in 1870 opened a planing mill in Jackson, Michigan. Andrew Wilcox then constructed this house for his family, completing it in 1871. He likely retired from the business in the early 1880s. Both Andrew Wilcox and his wife died in 1891, and in 1893 George Holton became the owner of the house. Holton ran a foundry and machine shop, and lived in the house until his own death in 1903. The house passed to his wife Ella, and then his son Fred. Fred died in 1933, but his wife Marie continued to live in the house until she moved into a nursing home in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wilcox House is a two-story, T-shaped, frame Italianate structure with a central three-story tower. The house is clad with clapboard, and has corner pilasters. It is capped by a low-pitched hipped roof. It sits on a fieldstone foundation covered with a regular coursing of stone. The windows are single-or double-hung sash units topped by ogee pediments and enclosed in square frames. The front entry doors are in round-head openings, with the other doors in square-head openings. A front fporch runs across the full width of the house, and has chamfered posts and ornamented balusters. Three additional small entry porches are located on different sides of the house.</p><br>
<p>The William Page House is a historic house in Glasgow, Kentucky. It was built in 1814–1815 by William Page, a farmer, on land he had brought from John H. Baker in 1812. The house was inherited by his daughter Elizabeth, who married Colonel Robert Strange; it has also been known as the Colonel Robert Strange House. The family owned slaves. The house was designed in the Federal architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 20, 1983.</p><br>
<p>It has an early hall-parlor plan, "exceptionally well-laid brick work," and "very fine interior woodwork".</p><br>
<p>The Manthey Barn, in rural Tripp County, South Dakota near Colome, South Dakota, was built in 1916 by George Manthey. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>It is a "Midwest Three-Portal" dairy barn. It has a timber frame built with hand-hewn lumber and uses mortise-and-tenon joinery. Its first floor has mangers on both sides of a narrow central aisle, a milking area, stanchions, and storage areas. A hayloft is on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 31952 289th St.</p><br>
<p>The Hyde County Memorial Auditorium in Highmore, South Dakota was built in 1951. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.</p><br>
<p>A community effort to build the auditorium began in 1945, and a fundraising campaign soon raised $25,000. A bond issue was found to be unnecessary, and bond proceeds were returned.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Ursa L. Freed in a transitional style between Art Deco architecture and Art Moderne architecture.</p><br>
<p>The building hosted basketball games, concerts, theater, and other community events. The building also hosts some municipal offices. A memorial plaque in the lobby lists local men and women who served in any war from the American Civil War on.</p><br>
<p>Its opening featured Yogi Yorgesson and the "Scandahoovians", his seven-piece band.</p><br>
<p>Glen Burnie, near Hopkinsville, Kentucky, dates from around 1830. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story, five-bay Federal-style brick house, with brick laid in Flemish bond. It has a central passage plan, a molded brick cornice and a Greek Revival-style porch which is believed to be original. It was originally L-shaped and a one-story extension was added later.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office-Caldwell Main in Caldwell, Idaho, is a 1-story, Classical Revival building constructed of brick with a sandstone foundation and terracotta decorations. Established in 1932, the Post Office features a marble entry flanked by terracotta pilasters below a leaded glass fan window. The design is credited to James A. Wetmore, acting supervising architect for the USA Treasury. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed by contractor H.J. McNeal, and original dimensions were 69 feet by 74 feet. A 66-foot lawn separated the Post Office from the adjacent Elks Temple on Arthur Street. In 1965 the building was remodeled, and the Post Office expanded to include the former lawn area.</p><br>
<p>The Boyle County Courthouse, at Main and 4th Sts. in Danville, Kentucky, was built in 1862. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The listing was for the two-building complex of the courthouse and the associated jail, built in 1875, and Mid-town Park, in between.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was designed by architect James R. Carrigan to replace the former courthouse, destroyed in the Great Fire of 1860. Soon after the courthouse was completed, the bloodiest American Civil War battle in Kentucky occurred, the Battle of Perryville, on October 8, 1862. Like all other large buildings in town, the courthouse was commandeered to serve as a hospital. Court was held elsewhere in 1873, and some damage to the courthouse was still being repaired from 1873 to 1875.</p><br>
<p>The Hugh H. Richard House, also known as the Hand Building, or Fossores Chapter House, located at 505 Wildwood Avenue in Jackson, Michigan, was built as a single-family home, and later converted to office use. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hugh H. Richard was born in 1824 in County Antrim, Ireland. In 1828, his family emigrated to the United States and settled in Geneseo, New York, and in 1833 moved again to Lenawee County, Michigan, settling near Tecumseh. By 1850, Hugh Richard was making his living as a mason. In about 1869 he moved to Jackson and continued working as a mason until he retired in the late 1880s. In about 1888, he constructed a brick home for his own use. He lived there until his death in 1893.</p><br>
<p>After Richard&#39;s death, the house passed on to his daughter Alice and her husband Arthur A. Bennett. Arthur A. Bennett was at the time secretary and treasurer of the Bennett Sewer Pipe Company, and later became the general manager. Bennett died in 1930, and since that time it appears that the house has been used as office space for professionals. In the 1970s the entire house was converted to office space.</p><br>
<p>In 2018 the house was purchased by Dr. David McDonald, lead pastor at Westwinds Church. The space was officially rebranded as the Fossores Chapter House, and is marketed as "a research and development center for creative pastors."</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Richard House is a 2-1/2-story, brick, gable-roof, Queen Anne house with a rectangular side-gable front section and gable-roof rear ell. It sits on a masonry foundation, and additional stone trims the brick of the main section. The front facade has a slightly off-center, projecting structure containing slant-sided bay windows on the first and second stories with a gabled third story section cantilevered on top. The corner has a rounded, hip-roof dormer shaped like a turret. A hip-roof, turned-column front porch extends across the facade between the rounded turret corner and the bay window. The porch is detailed with bracketry. The bable fronts are extensively detailed.</p><br>
<p>The Youngs Ferry House is located on Youngs Ferry Road on the Green River in Richardsville, Kentucky, United States. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. This is a house that Samuel Watt Young built on the south bank of the Green River next to the spot where Mr. Young started a ferry boat operation. There is reference to the name "S. W. Young", where the house is located and to the location of "Young&#39;s Ferry", on the Green River, is found on the 1877 "Map of Warren County, Kentucky", published by the D. G. Beers & Co., 27 South Six St, Philadelphia, PA. This was the home of Samuel Watt Young, Born August 4, 1815, Died September 4, 1891. S.W. Young built the house about 1850. It is said that steps and chimney are built of stone from the river.</p><br>
<p>" "Sam" Young started the ferry that connected this part of Warren County to Butler County. The Ferry operated at this site about 1851 to 1891. After his death, 1891, his wife bought out the interest of Mary Jane Young Hill, the daughter by Samuel Young&#39;s first wife. The property then stayed in the possession of Catherine Young until 1912 when her heirs sold the ferry to Jesse Smith".</p><br>
<p>The main house is a one and a half story log square notched "Dogtrot"-style house. The front room addition is a later add on. The picture here is with the addition and was taken on May 29, 2005. Family records show the house invaded by flood waters of the Green River on three occasions: February 12, 1888, January 10, 1913, and January 25, 1937.</p><br>
<p>The house has two exterior stone chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The Times Building-Lodge Hall, at 19 E. Waterloo St. in Canal Winchester, Ohio, was built in 1902. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-part commercial block building. In 1999, it was still the only three-story building in town.</p><br>
<p>It was the first building built for the Winchester Times newspaper, and it served the local Masonic and Eastern Star groups for more than 80 years.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP listing included two contributing buildings. The newspaper and Masonic Lodge partnered to construct the building for joint use. The newspaper had previously been located in three other building before constructing this building, where it remained until 1976. The building also housed the Franklin Telephone company, which brought the first telephone line to town in 1882.</p><br>
<p>The Clark Lake Community Center  is a public community center located at 3740 Ocean Beach Road in Clark Lake, Michigan. It was originally built as a private house at a different location, and was moved to the present location in 1998. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1880s, interest in recreational activities was on the rise nationally, and Clark Lake began to be a destination for families from Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana. This tourist base increased in 1896, when a railroad line was laid through the area, connecting Clark Lake to Jackson and to the rest of the nation. The visitors camped on the shores of the lake, stayed on one of the hotels that had been built in the area, of constricted their own cottages. One of the families which began visiting the area was that of Benjamin Graziani, a well-known lawyer and Kentucky State Senator. The Graziani family first came to Clark Lake in 1896, staying at a small hotel. Graziani decided to build his own cottage, and in 1897 purchased some property on the north side of the lake, at what is now 6740 Kentucky Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The property already had three small cottages on it, and Graziani constructed an additional large, two-story, frame cottage, which was completed in 1899. He referred to the cottage as the "Kentucky Homestead." The cottage was positioned in such a way as to be prominently visible from different parts of the lake, and became a local landmark. The Grazianis added five more small cottages and began renting them out, helping to develop the area as a vacation spot.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Graziani continued to use the cottage until his death in 1923, and his widow, Eliza, summered there until her death in 1933. In 1937, the family rented the cottage to the Clark Lake Yacht Club. After World War II, Laura Graziani Solar, one of Benjamin Graziani&#39;s daughters, purchased the cottage. Laura removed the porches that had originally encircled the house. The house remained in the Graziani family until 1986. The facility is open to the public, and available for rent.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Clark Lake Community Center is a 2-story, rectangular-shaped cottage with a gable roof. It is three bays wide, and covered with clapboard siding. The roof has asphalt shingles. Corner posts run down the corners of the house, and a frieze board with crown molding runs along the eaves. A two-story, wraparound porch encircles the building. There are four entrances to the cottage: a main central entrance, and three pairs of 15-light French doors: one on one side and two on the opposite. The windows are primarily 1/1 double-hung or single-sash units, with two or three such windows on each floor of all sides of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Quincy Hotel is a historic commercial building at 57 Depot Street in the Enosburg Falls village of Enosburgh, Vermont. Built about 1876 in the Second Empire style, it was restyled after a fire in the early 20th century to its present Colonial Revival appearance to a design by Vermont architect Lewis Newton. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019 for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Quincy Hotel is located in the center of the village of Enosburg Falls, on the north side of Depot Street between Vermont Route 108N and Archambault Street. It is located across the street from the former railroad right-of-way of the Missisquoi Railroad, now the Missisquoi Valley Rail Trail. The building is a roughly U-shaped wood-frame structure, three stories in height, with a low-pitch hip roof and clapboarded exterior. A single-story porch extends across the nine-bay front facade, supported by Tuscan columns. It extends beyond the building to the right side to form a porte-cochere. Three-story wings, later additions from its original construction, extend to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was built about 1876, following the arrival of the railroad in the village, an event which resulted in population and economic growth. It was built by B.J. Kendall, owner of a local liniment manufacturer. Originally Second Empire in style, its third floor, which originally housed a ballroom space, was extensively damaged by fire in 1923. The owners responded by retaining Vermont architect Louis Newton to replace the third floor and transform it into the then-popular Colonial Revival style. The building&#39;s usage mirrored the level of railroad activity through the town, declining to a low level once the railroad stopped running in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Stannard House is a historic house at 3 George Street in Burlington, Vermont. Built about 1850, it is a good local example of Greek Revival architecture executed in brick. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019. The building is now in mixed commercial-residential use.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Stannard House is located on the north side of downtown Burlington, at the northwest corner of George and Pearl Streets. It is a -story brick building, with a gabled roof. Its main facade is four bays wide, with the bays asymmetrically placed around a centered entrance. The entrance is set in a recess, with a columned entablature and full-length sidelight windows. A two-story brick wing, also four bays in length, extends along George Street, recessed from the main block facade.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1849-50 by Doctor Ashbel Pitkin, who lived here and also operated his medical practice here. It remained in use as a medical practice until about 1860, after which it became an owner-occupied boarding house. The house was briefly home to American Civil War general George Stannard between 1871 and 1873, and became known as the Stannard House as a result. Stannard made no significant alterations to the house, and was forced to sell it as a result of accounting problems related to his government service. It was converted into apartments in the 1950s. The building is one of the few in the immediate area to survive a major urban renewal project in the 2000s.</p><br>
<p>The Redwood Lodge, at 907 E. 66 Ave. in Gallup, New Mexico, was built in 1931. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Jim Dougherty, a mechanic who operated a garage in what later was the motels managers residence. The motel was known as Jim&#39;s Modern Court. In 1952 it was bought by Steve and Mary Rudick, who renamed it the Redwood Lodge and operated it until 1983.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable as "one of the best examples of a largely unaltered pre-World War II tourist court remaining along Route 66 in New Mexico." It is described "Southwest vernacular" in style. Its historical listing includes three contributing buildings and one contributing object.</p><br>
<p>The Court Clerk&#39;s Office-County & Circuit, on East Court St. in Greensburg, Kentucky, was built in 1818. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>It is Federal in style, and was built of dry stone construction, the best building method available during Kentuckys settlement period. The building served as the clerks office until 1842. After 1877 it was the home of "Aunt Eunice", a former slave. The building was later bought and repaired by the City of Greensburg.</p><br>
<p>The Gordon Hitt Farmstead is a former farm located at 4561 North Lake Road near Clark Lake, Michigan, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It now serves as a vacation rental.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first European settlers arrived in the Clark Lake area in 1833. In 1835, Ephraim, a veteran of the War of 1812, and Nellie Hitt, along with their eight children including their young son Gordon, moved from Delaware County, New York to this area in the wilderness of Michigan, then a part of the Northwest Territory. They traveled by way of horse and wagon from New York to Michigan via Canada. Although they were originally headed toward White Pigeon, Michigan, Ephraim decided to settle at Clark Lake. They built a log cabin near the shore of Clark Lake.</p><br>
<p>In the 1850s, the Federal government granted Ephraim two bounty land warrants totalling 160 acres for his service in the War of 1812. The family then built a new home further north away from the lake along North Lake Road. That home was destroyed by a fire in the 1860s. By this time Gordon was grown, and in 1868 he constructed a new farmhouse near the site of the older building. Around the same time, a group of barns was constructed across the road from the house.</p><br>
<p>Over the next three decades, the Hitt farm expanded from 50 acres to 270 acres. By the 1890s, Gordon Hitt had died, and his son Elmer built a second house near the main one for his mother (and Gordons widow) Eliza Hitt. He constructed a small garage in 1912. By this time, Clark Lake was becoming a recreation hub, and in the 1920s, Elmer and his son Gordon sold off lots along the lakeshore for cottages. Into the twentieth century, the usage of the Hitt farmstead changed. The farm decreased in size, and in the 1930s, Gordon Hitt operated a boys summer camp on the site.</p><br>
<p>The farm eventually passed to Gordon&#39;s son, Richard.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Hitt Farmstead includes a complex of buildings on either side of North Lake Road. On one side are the two-story main house, a smaller -story secondary house, a garage and small shed. On the other side are two large gambrel roof barns, the foundation of a third barn, and a one-story gable roof outbuilding.</p><br>
<p>The main house is a two-story, Upright and Wing balloon frame house with intersecting gable roofs covered with asphalt shingles. It sits on a fieldstone foundation, and is covered with clapboards and vertical corner boards. A single-story gabled dining room and kitchen ell extends from the rear of the house. The upright portion is one bay wide, and side-gabled wing portion is three bays wide, fronted by a single-story porch running for two bays. The front entrance is located near the junction of the upright and wing. Two more porches are located in the rear. All porches have hipped roofs and are decorated with cut-outs, paneled bases and floral brackets. The windows throughout the house are tall, two-over-two double-hung sash units in slightly arched openings flanked by shutters with their tops cut to match the arches of the windows.</p><br>
<p>The secondary house is a -story, front-gabled balloon framed structure covered with horizontal clapboard siding with flat corner boards. A small single-story side-gabled kitchen ell is located to one side of the main section. A hipped roof, single-story porch wraps around the house from the ell across the front and onto the other side. The porch has a plain geometric railing. The windows are one-over-one double-hung units, paired on the gable ends.</p><br>
<p>Two smaller buildings are located nearby on the same side of the road: a small wooden single-story gable roof garage, and a small gabled chicken coop/storage shed. Across the road are two barns and another outbuilding. The outbuilding is a single-story, gable roof post and beam structure on a limestone foundation. It is covered with horizontal siding with flat corner boards, and has a pair of side-hinged vertical plank doors. The two barns are joined, gambrel structures sited nearby, with their roof ridgelines perpendicular to each other. The barns sit on limestone foundations. The lower levels of the barns are covered with vertical board and batten siding, with horizontal drop siding identical to that on the outbuilding on the upper section of one, and newer board and batten siding on the upper level of the other. The roofs of all three buildings are covered with asphalt shingles.</p><br>
<p>The Louis Stephan House is a 1-story Bungalow in Boise, Idaho, designed by Tourtellotte & Hummel and constructed in 1915. The house features a modest, rectangular design with a ridgebeam running perpendicular to the street, front and back gables, and an enclosed porch behind "four blocky battered posts with plain battered capitals." The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Louis Stephan and his sons owned Boise&#39;s Imperial Bakery, and Stephan was president of the Stephan Baking Co. During World War I and at the time of his death in 1933, he was known as Ludwig Stephan.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Lodge, on Stemple Pass Rd. in Lincoln, Montana, was built in 1929. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed "significant for its architecture as an excellent example of a vernacular Rustic design influenced by the Adirondack Rustic style, popularized in the Adirondack region of northern New York from 1870 to 1930. Built in 1929, the 22-room summer camp uses native building materials and designs in the context of the mountainous natural environment of the Helena National Forest to evoke a sense of rugged, rustic craftsmanship. Lincoln Lodge is also significant for its associative link with the original owner, Leonard Lambkin, a locally prominent entrepreneur who actively promoted tourism and recreational opportunities in Lincoln."</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story, gable-roofed log building on a concrete foundation, about 32x80 ft in plan. Around 1960 it was expanded by a one-story ranch style addition which holds a motel office and residence for the owner.</p><br>
<p>The Mrs. A.F. Rossi House in Boise, Idaho, is a one-story cottage in the Colonial Revival style with "proto-bungaloid" elements. The house was designed by Tourtellotte & Co. and constructed in 1906. Its prominent feature is an outset, left front center porch. In 1982, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Lola L. Lindsey and Alexander F. Rossi were married February 25, 1903, in Boise. Alexander Rossi was associated with W.H. Ridenbaugh in logging and lumber enterprises until 1908, and they owned the A.F. Rossi Company, a South Boise lumber mill. In 1905, sister and brother Adaline Bennett and Alex Rossi deeded property in South Boise to Lola Rossi, and on the lot a six-room cottage was constructed in 1906 according to plans drawn by Tourtellotte & Co. The Rossis may have occupied the house until 1926, when they moved to Idaho City and became proprietors of the Luna House hotel, named for original owner M.G. Luney. The hotel was identical in name to the Luna House in Lewiston, an early stagecoach stop in Idaho Territory.</p><br>
<p>The Paddock-Hubbard House  was built as a single-family home located at 317 Hanover Street in Concord, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alfred Paddock was born in Litchfield, New York, in 1805. He worked as a merchant in western New York before moving to Concord in the 1840s and opening a store there. In 1844, he purchased the lot that this house sits on, and likely constructed a small house at that time. In about 1846, he built this larger house, converting the smaller structure into a rear carriage house. Paddock was involved in local politics, serving on the Concord Township Council in 1844, 1846, and 1848. He was elected Concord Township supervisor in 1849, and served in the State Senate in 1853. Paddock lived in this house until his death in 1870, after which the house passed to his son George.</p><br>
<p>George Paddock occupied the house until 1897. Truman and Cora Piper Hubbard began renting the house in 1897, and purchased it in 1902. Truman Hubbard was also active in local politics, serving on the Concord Village Council from 1918 to 1933. In the 1930s, the Hubbards installed some Colonial modernizations to the house. They lived there until their deaths, Cora in 1953 and Truman in 1954. The house passed to the Hubbards&#39; daughter, Mrs. Charles McFarlane, who occupied the house until her own death. Her sister, Marion Hubbard McFarlane, then moved into in the home. In 1986, Mrs. McFarlane established the Hubbard Memorial Museum Foundation in 1986; after her death in 1991, the foundation converted the house into a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Paddock-Hubbard House is a -story, wood-framed Greek Revival structure with a hip roof and a fieldstone foundation. A small hip-roofed second story / attic section projects from the middle of the main roof. The house is covered with clapboards. The front facade contains an entry porch with square Tuscan columns, with matching pilasters against the house. A broad architrave and frieze bands run under the cornices. On one side of the front entrance are six-over-six windows. Other windows are Colonial in appearance, likely the result of a 1930s modernization.</p><br>
<p>The Reclamation Service Boise Project Office in Boise, Idaho, is a 2-story, L-shape Bungalow with entry at a porch on the inside corner. Finished in 1912, the building is constructed of brick with corbels separating basement, first, and second floors, and it includes segmented arch window openings. The low pitched roof includes four dormers.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed by the Whiteway-Lee Co., and it features American Craftsman details uncommon to public buildings at the time.</p><br>
<h2>Reclamation Service</h2><br>
<p>After passage of the Newlands Reclamation Act in 1902, the Reclamation Service was the administrative center of irrigation projects in Idaho and other western states. Various projects were completed and managed, including Minidoka Dam, Arrowrock Dam, Boise River Diversion Dam, Lake Lowell, and the New York Canal, formerly the Main Canal. The Reclamation Service also adjudicated water rights disputes.</p><br>
<p>The Moore Haven Heights Historic District, in Cheyenne, Wyoming, is a 100 acre historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The listing included 445 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The district runs between Bent Ave. on the west, the eastern side of Central Ave. on the east, W. 8th Ave. on the north, and W. Pershing Boulevard on the south.</p><br>
<p>According to the state of Wyoming, the district was determined "eligible as a distinct and cohesive residential area integrally associated with and representative of the significant trends that contributed to the development of the City of Cheyenne from the early twentieth century through the late 1950s. As conceived and carried out, Moore Haven Heights represented an upscale residential district constructed with well-built brick homes of a certain value with similar architectural styles to present a homogeneous appearance. Strict covenants assured that substantial brick homes were built and lots were restricted to single-family dwellings with a garage. As a result, Moore Haven Heights became an established upper-middle class neighborhood. / The district is also nominated due to the remarkable physical integrity of the residences, which reflect the changes in popular architecture in America. From the Tudor brick in the 1920s and 1930s to the one-story Ranch homes built during the 1940s and 1950s. Thus, the predominant Tudor style homes of the 1920s and 1930s gave way to the new architecture, especially after World War II. Today, a drive through the neighborhood from south to north clearly reveals the difference in architecture, lot size, and landscaping."</p><br>
<p>It includes works by architects and builders including Frederick Hutchinson Porter and William H. Dubois.</p><br>
<p>The Laramie County Milk Producers Cooperative Association, at 1122 W. 23rd St. in Cheyenne, Wyoming, was built in 1923. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>In 2002 it was the home of "Antiques Central". It is a two-story brick masonry factory/warehouse with a flat roof. It originally consisted of a north half 56x32 ft in plan and a south half 64x33.5 ft in plan, built on a raised concrete foundation with a full basement.</p><br>
<p>Cardwellton, at 103 E. Broadway in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, is a historic house which was begun in about 1785. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The "nucleus of the house" is a log cabin built around 1785. The main block of the house is believed to have been built around 1820. Its Greek Revival portico was added between 1831 and 1837. It includes elements of Greek Revival and Federal architecture.</p><br>
<p>The M-50–Sandstone Creek Bridge, also known as th Tompkins Bridge, is a road bridge carrying M-50 over Sandstone Creek in Tompkins Township, Michigan, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, what was then Clinton Road followed the route of what is now M-50. The road was incorporated into the Michigan State Trunkline Highway System in the 1910s, with a 62 ft, pin-connected, Pratt pony truss bridge carrying the road over Sandstone Creek. In the 1920s, this bridge was deemed inadequate, and in 1927 the Michigan State Highway Department contracted with Walter Toebe and Company of Shingleton, Michigan, to construct a replacement bridge. The Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company of Milwaukee was hired to deliver the structural steel. Modern metal guardrails were later added along the inner faces of the railings, but the bridge still carries traffic along M-50.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The M-50–Sandstone Creek Bridge is a steel deck, plate girder bridge with a 65 ft span. It has a 36.4 ft concrete deck with a two-lane, 30 ft roadway. The deck is supported by nine concrete-encased plate girders. The bridge has concrete parapet railings, ornamented with recessed panels along the inner and outer faces. Modern metal guardrails are bolted along the inner railing faces. It has a substructure of concrete abutments and wingwalls.</p><br>
<p>The Mill Street–South Branch Raisin River Bridge is a bridge carrying Mill Street over the South Branch of the River Raisin in Brooklyn, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, the bridge at this location was a three-span stone arch structure. In 1921, Henry Ford purchased the nearby Brooklyn water-powered mill as part of his village industries program. This bridge, constructed in 1925, was likely built to accommodate anticipated traffic increases associated with Ford&#39;s mill. The stone facing on the bridge likely came from the earlier bridge. The mill site, however, remained vacant for several years until 1937, when it began producing automobile horns, distributors, and starter switches.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mill Street bridge is a 35 ft, three-span concrete arch bridge with a 22.4 ft deck. The maximum span of the arches measures 8 ft. The bridge has flared concrete wingwalls covered with a stone veneer. On the upstream side are cutwaters on both piers and at both abutment–wingwall junctions. On the downstream side, a concrete apron slopes down to the riverbed. Solid parapet railings along each side of the bridge are also faced with stone veneer. The riverbanks on both sides of the bridge are lined with mortared stone.</p><br>
<p>The Ford Motor Company Brooklyn Plant is a former industrial plant once owned by the Ford Motor Company, located at 221 Mill Street in Brooklyn, Michigan. The plant was one of Ford&#39;s village industries, which were small factories located in rural areas in southern Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1832, Calvin Swain purchased the land at this location along the River Raisin. Some time after that, he established a gristmill at the site. The Brooklyn mill burned down in about 1912. Henry Ford purchased the property in 1921, but did not use it for some time. he constructed a new building constructed on the site, and the plant opened in 1939.</p><br>
<p>The Brooklyn site closed in 1967. However, funding fell through in 2018.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Brooklyn plant is a Moderne style red brick plant with large windows.</p><br>
<p>The current Bourbon County Courthouse, on Courthouse Square in Paris, Kentucky, was built in 1905. This is the fourth courthouse to be built on this land. It was designed by architect Frank P. Milburn in Beaux Arts style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The first courthouse was built in 1787. There are very few details on this courthouse and for reason&#39;s unknown, it was rebuilt in 1799.</p><br>
<p>The first courthouse was built when Bourbon County was formed, then part of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Courthouse Number 2 was completed in 1799, seven years after Kentucky became a state. The second courthouse was designed and built by John & Thomas Metcalfe. Thomas Metcalfe (Kentucky politician) was the 10th governor of Kentucky, but was also a particularly skilled stonemason, earning the name "Old Stonehammer". This courthouse was destroyed by fire in 1872, reportedly at the hands of arsonists.</p><br>
<p>Courthouse Number 3 was constructed rather quickly in 1873, this time in French-Renaissance style building. Once completed, it was equipped with a clock and bell tower rising 113 feet into the sky. Its construction included a mansard roof, and was constructed of brick with iron cornices. Its size proved to be a disadvantage when a fire broke out in 1901. The size prevented ladders and water from reaching to the upper floors where the fire began. An important note about this particular courthouse is that all of the documents survived the fire due to being locked in fireproof vaults. During this fire, many courthouse workers reportedly ran into the burning building and moved carts, and shelves of important documents into the large vaults and locked them so they would be safe. The vaults had, up until that day been locked each night, but for some reason had not been the night of the fire. The cause of this fire is still a mystery.</p><br>
<p>Courthouse number 4, the courthouse that stands today, was completed in 1905 and is said to be the grandest of all Kentucky County Courthouses.</p><br>
<p>The design for the current courthouse was created originally by the architect as a proposal for a new Kentucky state capitol building in Frankfort, Kentucky. A drawing was published in 1903 in a brochure supporting placement of the capitol in Frankfort. The new state capitol was in fact built in a design by Frank Mills Andrews instead, but Milburn recycled his design for this building two years later, with some reductions.</p><br>
<p>It is included also in the Paris Courthouse Square Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Paris Courthouse Square Historic District, in Paris, Kentucky, is a 4 acre historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The listing included 21 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>It includes:</p><br>
<p>Bourbon County Courthouse (1902–05), designed by Frank P. Milburn, which is separately listed on the National Register</p><br>
<p>Duncan Tavern, which is separately listed on the National Register</p><br>
<p>The Memorial Building (1859), which served as a bank and residence until 1884, and later served World War I veterans and others</p><br>
<p>Teen Square (1960s), a one-story brick building</p><br>
<p>Ewalt Building (c.1840), a Greek Revival townhouse</p><br>
<p>It includes Italianate and other architecture.</p><br>
<p>The entire district was included in the 1989-listed Downtown Paris Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Spero Hotel, originally the Hotel Californian and later the Serrano Hotel, is a historic hotel building at 403 Taylor Street in the Tenderloin neighborhood of San Francisco, California. It was designed by architect Edward E. Young and built in 1923. A four story addition designed by Alfred Henry Jacobs was completed in 1929. The 12-story hotel is at 405 Taylor Street. It underwent a $16 million renovation and became the Spero Hotel in 2018. It is listed on the listed on the National Register of Historic Places in San Francisco, California since 1998; and it is a contributing property to the National Register of Historic Places&#39;s Uptown Tenderloin Historic District since 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was initially an upscale apartment hotel and was owned by former builder M. A. Little who operated it as a hostelry.</p><br>
<p>In 1935 the building was purchased by Lizzie Glide. Her husband was a stockman and after his death oil was discovered from his property allowing her to fund the Glide Foundation and carry out mission work including the Glide Memorial Methodist Church (two blocks from the Hotel Californian), a dormitory for Christian girls on the UC Berkeley campus, and a home for young Christian working women. From 1935 until 1978, the Hotel Californian was a temperance hotel.</p><br>
<p>Attendees at the 1938 NEA Convention stayed at the hotel and held a luncheon there.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The buildings exterior was constructed in a Renaissance Revival architecture style while the lobby was designed with Spanish Colonial Revival architecture features. The four story addition by Jacobs was finished in 1929 where he added 100 more rooms, added marble to the common areas, and added Art Deco features to the buildings facade. The exterior includes pressed metal panels, balconies, and elaborate cornice decoration. It also features marble floors. It included a coffee shop and soda fountain counter area, which is now a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The lobby has columns with a twisting design and decorative ironwork. Ground floor retail spaces have evolved over the years while the upper floors have remained largely intact.</p><br>
<p>The Ellis--Martin House, at 1197 E. Washington St. in Petaluma, California, is a Craftsman style house which was built in 1908. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Petaluma architect Brainerd Jones and was built for John D. Ellis, a farmer, by Santa Rosa-based builder Frank A. Sullivan. It was home of Leopold Martin and his descendants, of a Marin County ranching family, from 1920 to 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Brick House on Shun Pike, near Nicholasville, Kentucky, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The listing included four contributing buildings on 40 acre.</p><br>
<p>The house is a five-bay one-story brick central passage plan house, with an original brick ell and brick end chimneys. The brickwork is Flemish bond. It has high quality Federal-style interior woodwork.</p><br>
<p>It is located off what is now Kentucky Route 1268.</p><br>
<p>The Carter House, at 110 Morgan St. in Versailles, Kentucky, was built in 1792. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story brick L-shaped house built in the first year or so from when the town was platted. Its front section was built before 1816.</p><br>
<p>The listing included one contributing buildings and one contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Jefferson Elder High and Industrial School, at 316 Hall St. in Sandersville, Georgia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It is a Rosenwald school built in 1927. It competed in the Georgia Interscholastic Association.</p><br>
<p>It has an H-shaped plan and is the surviving building of a larger school complex. The site includes the graves of Mr. and Mrs. T.J. Elder.</p><br>
<p>Its National Register nomination states its importance:The Thomas Jefferson Elder High and Industrial School is significant as being an authenticated Rosenwald Plan School with an intact H-plan and original interior and exterior finishes. One of the Rosenwald Funds goals was to improve public education for Southern blacks by assisting in building model schoolhouses. In education, the school is significant as the oldest remaining school building in the county. It was built on a site associated with the countys education since 1889. It pioneered the manual arts (vocational) training and trained other teachers under the leadership of T.J. Elder. In social-humanitarian history, it is significant for the Rosenwald Funds efforts to improve education in the South. This building was erected with the help of the Fund in 1927-28, although the majority of the costs came from local public support and city funds. It was the Funds goal to support local school systems by requiring that local funding exceed that of the Fund. In this case, donations in the amounts of $1 to $250 were collected from both blacks and whites. In black history, the school is significant as the manifestation of the efforts of Thomas Jefferson Elder (1869-1946).</p><br>
<p>It has also been known as the T. J. Elder Elementary School.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Madden House. at 302 E. South Central St. in Tennille, Georgia, was built in 1899. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>It is a Queen Anne style house designed by architect Charles E. Choate.</p><br>
<p>Its National Register nomination asserts its significance as follows:The Charles Madden House is significant in architecture because it is one of the architect Charles Choates early residential structures in Washington County and it represents a more modest example of Choates residential architecture. Furthermore, it is a very good and intact example of the Queen Anne style applied to a small, one-story house, and with its intact floor plan and massing it is a very good and intact example of the Queen Anne type of vernacular house found throughout Georgia at the turn of the century. The Madden house is also the only documented example of a Choate commission for a black client.</p><br>
<p>It has also been known as the Madden—Smith House.</p><br>
<p>The W. E. Jefferson House in Boise, Idaho, is a -story Queen Anne, Shingle style cottage designed by Tourtellotte & Co. and constructed in 1907 in Boise&#39;s Hyde Park neighborhood. The house features front, right, and left gabled dormers and a cross-facade porch supported by square coffered posts. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places  in 1982.</p><br>
<p>William and Mary Jefferson purchased property for the house in 1906 from Charles Paynton, whose house in the next block on N 8th St. also was designed by Tourtellotte (1900) and also is listed on the NRHP. The Jeffersons built a garage on the lot in 1921, and they advertised the house as a rental property in 1925.</p><br>
<p>William Jefferson worked as a carpenter for Anton Goreczky at the Boise Sash and Door Factory. The Goreczky house also is listed on the NRHP.</p><br>
<p>The Polk County Courthouse in Osceola, Nebraska is a Beaux Arts-style building designed by architect William F. Gernandt. It was built in 1921-22 and is located on the Courthouse Square in Osceola. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story courthouse building on a raised basement, about 98x68 ft in plan, with entrances on north and south facades.</p><br>
<p>Its National Register nomination describes it as "a tour de force of classically inspired ornamentation rendered in creamcolored terra cotta and contrasting tan-grey brick. A variety of rich classical detail, immense columns, pronounced cornice, and rusticated basement are hallmarks of the Beaux Arts Style exhibited on the building. In particular, the terra cotta detail is a visual delight. Acroteria and rosettes march along the top of the projecting cornice, with consoles in an acanthus pattern and an egg-and-dart course below. Shields, della</p><br>
<p>Robbia wreaths, swags, and geometric patterns further adorn the facade."</p><br>
<p>The Evangelical United Brethren Church in Fullerton, Nebraska, at 501 Broadway St., was built in 1900. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>It is an L-plan church with its steeple in the L. It is Late Gothic Revival in style.</p><br>
<p>It has also been known as the United Evangelical Church, as "E" United Methodist Church, and as the Nance County Historical Society Museum.</p><br>
<p>Old Town of Flushing Burial Ground is a historic cemetery located in Flushing, Queens, New York City. It was established in 1840 and known as The Olde Towne of Flushing Burial Ground. It was the result of Cholera and Smallpox epidemics in 1840 and 1844, added by town elders north of Flushing Cemetery due to fears of contamination of church burial grounds. Once known as "Pauper Burial Ground", "Colored Cemetery of Flushing" and "Martins Field", it was purchased by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation on December 2, 1914, and renamed in 2009 to "The Olde Towne of Flushing Burial Ground".</p><br>
<p>It is co-located with a childrens playground called "Martin’s Field". The cemeterys recognition and status as a Queens landmark was spearheaded by local community activist Mandingo Osceola Tshaka, who became interested in the cemetery when he discovered that members from the Macedonia African Methodist Episcopal Church of Flushing were buried there. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George Washington, like other noted landowners, journeyed to Flushing, as the community was a center of scientific horticulture. The cemeterys floral and arboreal beauty have become a memorial to Flushings status as a center of horticulture to this day.</p><br>
<p>The town of Flushing suffered a Cholera epidemic circa 1840 and a Smallpox epidemic in 1844. Fears that the infected corpses would contaminate the church burial grounds the town elders purchased the land from the Bowne family and created a separate burial ground to be used for the infected to be buried in. By 1854 medical science had progressed and improved hygiene helped ward off such diseases, fewer epidemics resulted in a lessened need for the separate unconsecrated graveyard and it fell into disuse.</p><br>
<p>In the latter decades of the 1800s it was set aside for use by the African American community. This was a result of editorials published in the Flushing Journal in the 1850s regarding the African Methodist Episcopalian (AME) church running out of burial space. From about 1880 to its closing in 1898 it became primarily a burial ground for African-Americans and Native Americans.</p><br>
<p>By 1914 the land was used as the ‘town commons’ or ‘village green’, and by 1930 was paved over and made into a park called ‘Martin&#39;s Field. In 1936 Robert Moses, NYC Commissioner of Parks spearheaded the initiative to re-purpose the green into a recreational space for children.</p><br>
<p>As one of the many projects during the Works Progress Administration period a modern children&#39;s playground was built on the site. It was during excavation that workers came across evidence of the previous usage as a burial ground. Found at the dig were remains which still had pennies over the eyes, an archaic practice that was also observed in excavation of the African Burial Ground in lower Manhattan.</p><br>
<p>By 1938, the new playground, with a wading pool, baseball field and swing sets opened to the public. The WPA&#39;s historical division conducted interviews with local citizens about the sites history as a burial ground for a permanent record. The only grave markers that remained was for the Bunn family, who were members of the AME church.</p><br>
<h2>Archeological dig</h2><br>
<p>In 1990, local activist Mandingo Tshaka helped publicize the history of the green, resulting in a $50,000 archaeological study in 1996 commissioned by the Parks Department. Archeologist Linda Stone concluded that the site served as final-resting place for between 500 and 1000 individuals. Death records for the town of Flushing exist for the period 1881–1898, showing that during this period, 62% of the burials were African American or Native American, 34% were un-identified, and more than half were children under the age of five.</p><br>
<h2>21st century</h2><br>
<p>In 2004, Queens Borough President Helen Marshall and NYC Councilmember John Liu allocated $2.667 Million in funding to renovate the park, the largest improvement since 1938. A paved area bears a central stone inscribed with the sites history, and a historic wall was recreated and engraved with the names from the only four headstones remaining in 1919. Mature oaks, as well as new trees and shrubs, serve as the natural link between the past and present.</p><br>
<p>The trees provide shade for the burial ground as well as the newly installed playground which was moved to the northern end of the site, above whose entrance is the designation, ‘Martins Field". It was placed on a sill system foundation so as not to disturb the land, and is accessible from the 165th street entrance. In 2009 a naming ceremony for the site was held and parks department signs were placed for ‘The Olde Towne of Flushing Burial Ground’ and ‘Martin’s Field".</p><br>
<p>In 2018, mayor Bill de Blasio, Queens Borough President Melinda Katz, and community members announced that $1.63 million in funding had been allocated to reconstruct a commemorative plaza at the site. The plaza would include a butterfly garden, new benches, and cardinal directions in the Lenape language. The burial ground was also added to the New York State and National Register of Historic Places. A memorial to the Africans and Native Americans interred at the burial ground was dedicated in November 2021.</p><br>
<p>In 2019, artist Alexandria Smith created an exhibition at the Queens Museum, Monuments To An Effigy, which sought to bring remembrance to the women who were buried at this site.</p><br>
<p>The Willis Mickle House in Boise, Idaho, is a -story Queen Anne cottage designed by Tourtellotte & Co. and constructed in 1898. The house features a prominent, left front facing gable with dormer that rises above a right front porch. The first floor outer walls are of random course Boise sandstone. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Willis and Marie (Keeffe) Mickle were married in 1898 and were original owners of the house, which the Idaho Statesman described as "a pleasing and substantial innovation in Boise building." Willis Mickle was superintendent of Capitol Electric Light, Motor and Gas Company, and he had been the electrician of the Boise volunteer fire department. The Mickles were active in local politics, and Marie Mickle served as clerk of elections for Boise Precinct No. 9. By 1916 the couple had moved to Portland, Oregon.</p><br>
<p>The Eveleth Recreation Building, later the Arrow Shirt Factory, is a historic building in Eveleth, Minnesota, United States. It was constructed in 1918 as a municipal gymnasium, with a curling rink on the ground floor and an ice hockey rink on the second floor. At that time the city of Eveleth was flush with tax revenue from the Mesabi Range mining boom, and the population was heavily male from the influx of mine workers. As the gender balance evened out in the 1930s, the building was converted into a garment factory, answering a need for employment opportunities for women and diversifying the local economy.</p><br>
<p>The Eveleth Recreation Building was the first modern facility of its type on the Mesabi Range. Eveleth quickly earned a national reputation for its hockey players and teams, including the United States Amateur Hockey Association&#39;s Eveleth Reds. In warmer months the recreation building hosted roller skating and public dances. The city constructed a new hockey facility in 1922, and ten years later the Recreation Building was retired as a skating venue. After World War II, Cluett Peabody & Company remodeled the building as a factory for its Arrow brand shirts and underwear. Arrow production ceased locally in 1978 and the next long-term tenant was a furniture manufacturer. As of 2019 the building is being operated as a storage facility for cars and boats.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its state-level significance in the themes of industry and social history. It was nominated for representing the public support for recreational facilities during the Progressive Era and the later evolution of the Iron Range&#39;s economy and population.</p><br>
